Pumpingvolume restrictions and provisions fors to notify the mniewr about hydraulic fracturing operations section 9. Hydraulic fracturing equipment the fracturing equipment consists of a rod, a tool to create an initial notch, a continuous slurry mixer, a positive displacement pump mounted on a trailer, and the fracture mixture fluid and proppant. Summary hydraulic fracturing has been the primary focus of controversy because of surface. An overview of hydraulic fracturing and other formation stimulation. An acid fracturing treatment typically requires a much larger volume of acids than a matrix acidizing treatment does. An extended overview of the history of the fracturing technology is presented.
Its been a focus of recent election debates, and today, president obama announced new methane regulations would be developed, affecting hydraulic fracturing operations. Acid fracturing, also referred to as fracture acidizing, is a special case of hydraulic fracturing. Recent calls to limit or prohibit fracking ignore the important role it has played in spurring both economic and environmental progress in america. Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking as it is more commonly referred to, is the process by which underground rock is fractured by a highly pressurized fluid containing water, chemicals and sand.
Source and fate of hydraulic fracturing water in the. Hydraulic fracturing free essay example studymoose. Click download or read online button to get handbook of hydraulic fracturing book now. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. So far, weve only discussed the logistics and the benefits of hydraulic fracturing. Boundary layer kinetic mixing material is added to components of fracturing fluid wherein kinetic mixing material is a plurality of particles wherein at least 25% of particles are several types, i. Fracturing can be traced to the 1860s, when liquid nitroglycerin ng was used to stimulate shallow, hard rock wells. An overview of hydraulic fracturing and other formation. The economics of shale gas development resources for the future.
Hydraulic fracturing design and operations guidelines. When used in combination with horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing has allowed industry to access natural gas reserves previously considered uneconomical, particularly in shale formations. Pdf quantifying market and nonmarket benefits and costs of. Hydraulic fracturing, popularly known as fracking a method used to extract oil and natural gas from rock deep within the earth has great economic benefits for the u. The heritage foundations nicolas loris explains how, regulated effectively, hydraulic fracturing is safeas well as necessary for energy production and job creation in the united states. In fact, for pretty much every argument we put forth in the last section for fracking, theres a pretty virulent counter. Data were obtained from commercial and state databases, river authorities, groundwater conservation. There are two frequently encountered impediments to substantial applications of hydraulic. Although it can happen naturally, it is now used as a method to force oil and natural gas from shale history and method.
Fracking is a method of extracting natural gas out of shale rock in the ground. Because of the united states large reserves of shale gas, advocates say american energy independence is a real possibility if the industry is given support. Understanding the public health implications concerning shale gas production and hydraulic fracturing. Introduction to fracturing hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells are not new tools for the oil and gas industry. It creates a permeable channel for reservoir fluids to contact the wellbore. The oil and natural gas industry resources are considerably valuable to the united states economy as one of the countrys major employers and buyers of imports. Hydraulic fracturing allows the fuel to rise to the surface for collection. Developing energy from shale is an advanced process that uses the latest drilling technologies and equipment. This chapter presents the potential advantages and disadvantages of the hydraulic fracturing process in order that hydraulic fracturing may become a safe.
We describe the economic benefits of the shale gas boom, including direct. Our objective was to quantify hf water volume in terms of source, reuse, and disposal, using the barnett shale in texas as a case study. We develop a parameterized model of hydraulic fracturing pumps. Hydraulic fracturing technology department of energy.
Environmental impacts of fracking related to exploration and. How, where, and its role in oil and gas article pdf available in journal american water works association 10611. There is a new method of extracting fossil fuel, hydraulic. Results indicate that under the conditions of this study, for this specific location.
Understanding the public health implications concerning. Hydraulic fracturing brings us closer to clean energy while having an instantaneous benefit to our atmosphere and environment by making dangerous coalfired plants obsolete. Step 1 perforating the casing first, a perforating gun is lowered into a targeted position within the horizontal portion of the well. The first horizontal well was in the 1930s and horizontal wells were common by the late 1970s. It has been in development for decades, but only reached technological maturity in the last five years. What is more, the instruments required for suitable risk man. Acid fracturing is generally applicable in low to moderatepermeability carbonate reservoirs. The economic benefits of hydraulic fracturing california. Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling are safely unlocking vast u. The market and nonmarket benefits of hydraulic fracking are widespread geographically but many of the nonmarket. Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is forcing fractures in a rock layer, by fluid that is put under pressure.
Civil engineer proposes kinetic energy of highrate shearing could achieve shale fracturing january 10, 2014 by megan fellman evanston, ill. No fracking way how hydraulic fracking works howstuffworks. An improvement over known hydraulic fracturing fluids. Hydraulic fracturing does not change the permeability of the given formation. Fracking which is also known as hydraulic fracturing, hydrofracking, hydrofacturing or fraccing is a popular and a controversial well stimulation technique that is used for fracturing rocks by. For one, fracking is still a hardcore mining operation. It starts at the end of the wellbore and moves toward the beginning.
The primary purpose of hydraulic fracturing is to increase the effective wellbore area by creating a fracture of given geometry, whose conductivity is greater than the formation. What is hydraulic fracturing advantages and disadvantages. Summary of potential advantages and disadvantages for identified fracturing techniques. Investigate dynamic fracturing as an alternative to. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline. The process requires more water than as opposed to the traditional drilling of gas. The topic of this weeks pugwash discussion was hydraulic fracturing more colloquially referred to as fracking. This lets gas and petroleum from source rocks get to reservoir rocks. Hydraulic fracturing enhanced by water pressure blasting. Some economics of hydraulic fracturing case western reserve. Considerable controversy continues about water availability for and potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing hf of hydrocarbon assets on water resources.
Hydraulic fracturing future directions international. Therefore, an effective hydraulic fracturing design from pretreatment formation evaluation to environmental friendly and efficient management of fracturing fluid and waste water will be presented at the end of the study. Department of energys national energy technology laboratory netl has released a technical report on the results of a limited field study that monitored a hydraulic fracturing operation in greene county, pa for upward fracture growth out of the target zone and upward gas and fluid migration. The northern territory government recently lifted a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing of natural gas reserves, however, the process is still viewed with broad suspicion in the community, stemming largely from the perceived environmental risk. An overview of hydraulic fracturing and other formation stimulation technologies for shale gas production updated 2015 this report presents an update of the original study carried out in 20 eur 26347. Firstly, the earth is drilled into to reach the area where the shale gasoil is located. Hydraulic fracturing involves drilling thousands of feet below the earths surface and pumping millions of gallons of water and chemical additives at high pressure into the well. As for what fracking means to the united states the answers are security, economic growth and jobs, jobs, jobs. Ebook handbook of hydraulic fracturing as pdf download. Waterless fracturing, with its advantages of reduced environmental impact and greater efficiency may provide the necessary innovation to. Handbook of hydraulic fracturing download ebook pdf.
Presents an uptodate description of current and new hydraulic fracturing processes details emerging technologies such. Environmental impact handbook of hydraulic fracturing. Theories, operations, and economic analysis introduces the basic characteristics and theories surrounding hydraulic fracturing and the main process of fracturing in shale, including the main workflow, the details in case analysis, and the fundamental differences between theory, study, and. Fracking simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Hydraulic fracturing typically uses water to induce fractures. Hydraulic fracturing has opened access to vast domestic reserves of natural gas that could provide an important stepping stone to a clean energy future. Portable document format pdf and can be read with adobe acrobat or. A system for stimulating oil or gas production from a wellbore includes a hydraulic fracturing pump unit having one or more hydraulic fracturing pumps driven by one or more electrical fracturing motors, a variable frequency drive vfd controlling the electrical fracturing motors, a fracturing pump blower unit driven by a blower motor, and a fracturing pump lubrication unit having a.
Unlocking americas natural gas resources august 2017. Hydraulic fracturing process hydraulic fracturing happens in small sections called stages. The environmental costs and benefits of fracking jackson lab. But fracking isnt exactly a slamdunk when it comes to safety. The rationale for and benefits of hydraulic fracturing 6. Hydraulic fracturing for production or injection enhancement 3 this can be accomplished if the process is undertaken in a serious and concerted way so that the economy of scale influences the cost of the treatments and, hence, the overall economics. Although there will be a reduction in water consumption once natural gas replaces fossil fuel or coal to generate electricity, there is a. Us10246984b2 well fracturing systems with electrical. Reducing the environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing through. The injection pressure of the pumped fluid creates fractures that enhance gas and fluid flow, and the sand or other coarse material holds the fractures open. Hydraulic fracturing fracking procedures, issues, and benefits name author.
Increased vertical depth restriction for hydraulic fracturing operations near the top of the bedrock surface section 7, j. The first fracturing experiment was in 1947 and the process was accepted as commercial by 1950. At the heart of fracking is the high pressure injection of water, sand and chemicals into a well to crack the rock and allow the natural gas to flow. The literature on hydraulic fracturing risks, while increasing in volume, is not terribly. Managing the risks of hydraulic fracturing catskill citizens for. Introduction the intent of this document is to synthesize scientific information related to public health concerns of relevance to canada about shale gas production including the preproduction. Hydraulic fracturing design and operations guidelines 1. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique in which large volumes of water and sand, and small volumes of chemical additives are injected into lowpermeability subsurface formations to increase oil or natural gas flow. Explain what hydraulic fracturing is and how it might ease concerns about the worlds natural gas supply list some environmental concerns regarding the use of hydraulic fracturing to unlock this.
392 241 459 789 272 1000 1089 264 1571 776 41 1430 406 1492 1210 315 1555 678 314 991 1099 1086 1463 719 1497 1140 341 764 971 103 1366 405 436 167 787 1396 855 803 760 1405 1104 276 638 896 432 742 441